An-12D

The Antonov An‑12D is a Soviet‑era four‑engine turboprop transport airplane that entered service in the early 1960s as an upgraded version of the original An‑12. Developed by the Antonov Design Bureau in Kyiv, the An‑12 series first flew on 31 July 1959 and quickly became the backbone of the USSR’s strategic airlift fleet. The “D” designation denotes a modernised model introduced in 1964, featuring more powerful Ivchenko AI‑20M turboprop engines, reinforced landing gear, and an upgraded navigation suite that improved performance on rugged, unprepared runways. With a maximum payload of roughly 20 tonnes, a range of up to 3 500 km when fully loaded, and a rear loading ramp, the aircraft could transport troops, vehicles, and bulk cargo with remarkable speed and reliability. Its high‑wing configuration and sturdy airframe allowed operations from austere airstrips across Europe, Asia, and Africa, earning it a reputation as a versatile workhorse for both military and civilian operators. The An‑12D’s durability, ease of maintenance, and adaptability made it a cornerstone of Cold‑War logistics and a lasting influence on later heavy transport designs worldwide. Production ran until 1973, supplying over 400 units; many have been upgraded with modern avionics and still operate in civilian cargo service.

Antonov

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Design & Classification