Tupolev ANT-21

The Tupolev ANT‑21, developed in the early 1930s by the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) under the direction of Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev, represented the Soviet Union’s attempt to create a high‑performance twin‑engine bomber capable of long‑range strategic missions. Drawing on aerodynamic research conducted at TsAGI, the aircraft featured an all‑metal, low‑wing monoplane layout with streamlined NACA‑type cowlings and retractable main undercarriage—a rarity for Soviet designs of the era. Powered by two M‑34V engines mounted on the wings, the ANT‑21 could reach a maximum speed of about 380 km/h and carry a bomb load of up to 1,000 kg, while offering defensive fire from dorsal and ventral gun positions. Although only a handful of prototypes were built and the type never entered mass production, the ANT‑21’s experimental data informed later successful bombers such as the DB‑3 and SB series. Its significance lies in showcasing the Soviet commitment to modern aerodynamic principles, advancing metal‑airframe construction, and highlighting TsAGI’s role in translating theoretical research into practical, though sometimes transitional, aircraft designs that helped shape the trajectory of pre‑World War II aviation.

Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute

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Design & Classification