Goshawk

The Curtiss Goshawk, introduced in the early 1930s, was the United States Army Air Corps’ last major biplane fighter and a pivotal step toward modern monoplane designs. Evolving from the earlier P‑11 and P‑12 series, the aircraft first flew as the Model 34 in 1931 and was designated the P‑36 “Hawk” for export; the domestic version, the P‑36A, entered service in 1932 and soon received the nickname “Goshawk” when equipped with the more powerful 600‑hp Wright R‑1820‑G radial engine. Its welded‑steel fuselage, fabric‑covered wings, and interchangeable armament—typically two .30‑caliber machine guns—offered a blend of robustness and agility. A distinctive feature was the forward‑firing cannon option, rare for the era, and the incorporation of a semi‑monocoque structure that foreshadowed later all‑metal aircraft. Though quickly outclassed by sleek monoplanes such as the P‑40, the Goshawk served with distinction in the Philippines, Alaska, and various overseas bases, providing valuable pilot training and combat experience. Its export versions saw action with several foreign air forces, influencing global fighter development. The Goshawk thus stands as a transitional icon, bridging the classic biplane era and the rapid technological advances that defined World War II aviation.