Glenn L. Martin Company

Martin Model 123

The Martin Model 123, introduced in 1934 by the Glenn L. Martin Company, was a pioneering single‑engine, low‑wing monoplane designed primarily for light transport and training. Developed during a period when the company was transitioning from military bombers to civil aircraft, the Model 123 incorporated several advanced concepts that foreshadowed later Martin designs. Its 450‑horsepower radial engine drove a two‑bladed propeller, delivering a top speed of 185 mph and a range of 600 miles, sufficient for regional airline routes and missionary work in remote areas.

Structurally, the aircraft featured an all‑metal semi‑monocoque fuselage, a retractable main‑gear system—rare for its class at the time—and detachable wings that facilitated maintenance and storage. The spacious cabin accommodated four passengers or a pilot and three trainees, with large windows that provided excellent visibility for navigation training. Only twenty‑four units were built before production ceased in 1936, as the market shifted toward larger twin‑engine transports.

Despite its limited numbers, the Model 123 demonstrated Martin’s ability to innovate beyond combat aircraft, influencing the company’s later civilian platform, the Martin 2‑0‑2, and cementing its role in bridging the gap between early biplanes and modern monoplane transport.
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Design & Classification

Manufacturer
Glenn L. Martin Company
Military Designation
XB-907A, XB-907, XB-10
Engine
R-1820-19
Wikidata ID
Q15138581