Il-78

The Ilyushin Il‑78, developed in the early 1970s, is a Russian aerial refueling tanker derived from the Il‑76 transport platform. First flying in 1975, the aircraft entered service with the Soviet Air Forces in 1983 and has since been adopted by numerous nations, including India, China, and several former Warsaw‑Pakistani allies. Its design retains the robust nose‑wheel landing gear and high‑wing configuration of the Il‑76, but incorporates two under‑wing refueling pods and a hose‑and‑drogue system capable of transferring fuel to fighters, bombers, and reconnaissance aircraft at rates up to 2,500 kg per minute. The Il‑78 can carry up to 100 tonnes of fuel, while its cargo hold remains usable for spare parts or additional mission equipment. Modernized variants, such as the Il‑78M, feature upgraded avionics, improved fuel‑management software, and extended range. The tanker has been pivotal in extending the operational reach of Soviet‑ and post‑Soviet air forces, enabling long‑range strategic sorties and enhancing force projection. Its reliability, high payload, and compatibility with a wide array of aircraft have cemented the Il‑78 as a cornerstone of aerial refueling capabilities worldwide.

Ilyushin

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