Model 9F Orion

The Lockheed Model 9F Orion, introduced in 1931, was the definitive evolution of Lockheed’s celebrated Orion series and represented a pivotal step in the transition from wood‑and‑fabric biplanes to all‑metal monoplane transports. Conceived during the Great Depression, the 9F incorporated a semi‑monocoque aluminum fuselage, a low‑wing configuration, and retractable landing gear—features that were cutting‑edge for its era. Powered by two 600‑hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp radial engines, the aircraft could cruise at 215 mph while carrying eight passengers or a modest cargo load across a range of 1,200 miles, making it a favorite among regional airlines and corporate operators.

Its streamlined design reduced drag and set new standards for speed and fuel efficiency, helping to shrink travel times across the United States and Canada. The 9F also served as a testbed for several aerodynamic refinements later applied to the iconic Lockheed Hudson and the famous P‑38 Lightning fighter. Though only 54 units were built before production shifted to newer models, the Orion 9F’s emphasis on all‑metal construction, retractable gear, and twin‑engine reliability marked a turning point in commercial aviation, influencing aircraft design throughout the 1930s and laying groundwork for the modern airliner.

Lockheed Corporation

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