Ishikawajima R-2

The Ishikawajima R‑2 was a light, single‑engine trainer aircraft produced in Japan during the early 1930s under the auspices of the Tachikawa Aircraft Company, which had acquired the Ishikawajima design bureau in 1931. Developed to replace aging biplane trainers, the R‑2 first flew in March 1933 and entered service with the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in 1934. Its low‑wing, monoplane configuration incorporated a wooden frame covered with fabric and a modest 120 hp Hitachi Ha‑13a radial engine, delivering a maximum speed of 210 km/h and a service ceiling of 5,500 m. The cockpit was enclosed, providing improved comfort for both student and instructor, while the aircraft’s simple, forgiving handling made it ideal for primary flight instruction and aerobatic practice. Over 300 units were built at the Tachikawa plant, and the R‑2 remained in use until the outbreak of World War II, when it was gradually supplanted by more powerful trainers such as the Ki‑86. Its significance lies in introducing modern monoplane training concepts to Japanese aviation, accelerating pilot proficiency and influencing subsequent trainer designs that contributed to Japan’s wartime air capabilities.