Tupolev Tu-95

The Tupolev Tu‑95, nicknamed “Bear”, is a Soviet‑designed strategic bomber that first flew on 12 August 1952 and entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1956. Built by the Tupolev Design Bureau, the aircraft is distinguished by its swept‑back, four‑engine turboprop layout, each engine driving massive contra‑rotating propellers that give the Tu‑95 a top speed of about 925 km/h and an exceptional range exceeding 15,000 km, allowing intercontinental missions without refuelling. Its airframe, constructed from aluminium alloys and later reinforced with composite materials, incorporates a large internal weapons bay capable of carrying up to 15 000 kg of nuclear or conventional ordnance, as well as external hardpoints for cruise missiles. Over the decades the Tu‑95 has been continuously upgraded: avionics, navigation, and electronic‑warfare suites have evolved, and the modern “Tu‑95MS” variant now mounts the long‑range Kh‑31 or Kh‑55 missiles. More than 500 aircraft have been produced, and a small fleet remains operational in the Russian Aerospace Forces, making the Tu‑95 the longest‑servicing bomber in history. Its longevity, unique propulsion, and strategic deterrent role have cemented its place as an iconic symbol of Cold‑War and post‑Cold‑War air power.

Tupolev

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